The Yellow-rumped Thornbill occurs in open woodland and grassland in eastern and southeastern Australia. Its yellow rump is distinctive, and it often feeds for insects on the ground.
It is 10–12 cm long, grey-olive to grey-brown above and cream below, with a white-spotted black crown. Its rump is bright yellow, and its black tail has white tips.
It feeds mainly on insects and sometimes seeds, usually on the ground near tree cover. It often forages in mixed flocks with other thornbills and ground-feeding birds.
An extinction-risk assessment has not been added yet.