The Pygmy Nightjar is endemic to eastern Brazil. A study reports that it uses stony or gravelly ground in the Caatinga and rocky outcrops in Atlantic Forest sites for roosting and nesting. Plumage varies among subspecies.
The nominate subspecies has light gray-brown upperparts; the other subspecies compared in the paper are paler or darker.
At the eastern Brazilian study sites, it roosted and nested on gravelly or stony ground in Caatinga and on rocky outcrops in Atlantic Forest.
An extinction-risk assessment has not been added yet.