Males have yellow wing patches that can act as signals in territorial contests. In a field experiment in southern Tanzania, males whose patches were blackened more often lost territories or contests.
Males have yellow patches on their wings. In the southern Tanzanian experiment, blackening those patches changed the outcome of territorial contests.
In a field experiment in southern Tanzania, males with blackened yellow wing patches more often lost territories or territorial contests than control or reddened males.
An extinction-risk assessment has not been added yet.