This seed-eating bird inhabits the highland grasslands of southern Brazil. A study recorded a rare male color form that differs from the usual plumage; it is not a separate species.
The rare male xumanxu form recorded in the study is mostly black, with a contrasting white patch on the wing. This does not describe the species' usual male appearance.
In a 2006–2010 survey of southern Brazilian highland grasslands, most recorded territories of this species were in caraguatá wetlands; a few were in shrubby valley grassland.
An extinction-risk assessment has not been added yet.