The Black-and-tawny Seedeater is recorded in eastern Bolivia and west-central Brazil. Field observations found large flocks before breeding and pairs or smaller feeding groups during breeding.
Adult males have a black head and back with cinnamon to rufous underparts. The authors caution that females seen alone may not be reliably separated from other rufous-plumaged Sporophila.
Field observations found large mixed-species flocks before breeding, then pairs or smaller feeding parties during the breeding season.
An extinction-risk assessment has not been added yet.