Rufous-bellied Nighthawks fly at dusk through humid montane forest. Peru Aves gives an eastern-Andean range of 1,500–3,450 m and includes Bolivia among the countries where the species occurs.
Its upperparts are dusky brown, with a pale throat crescent and rufous, unbarred underparts and underwing lining. Long, broad dark wings contrast with a short, square tail.
It flies at dusk through the canopy of humid montane forest and roosts on horizontal branches. The cited account places it on the eastern Andean slope at 1,500–3,450 m.
An extinction-risk assessment has not been added yet.