Neacomys rosalindae is a spiny mouse recorded in lowland forests north of the Amazon River in northeastern Peru and eastern Ecuador. The original description distinguished it from relatives using coat, skull, and chromosome evidence.
The back is deep orange streaked with black, most strongly along the mid-back and rump. The flanks are pale yellow and the underside is white from chin to anus. A narrow orange side line appears in some specimens but not all.
A report published in 2020 describes one female giving birth to three young inside a Sherman trap in Napo, Ecuador, in October 2019. The authors suggest that capture stress may have triggered the birth; this does not establish natural breeding seasonality.
An extinction-risk assessment has not been added yet.