The groove-toothed spiny rat is a partly burrowing rodent restricted to Brazil's central Cerrado. Few records and specimens are available, so much of its way of life remains poorly known.
It is a medium-sized, semifossorial rodent with conspicuously grooved upper incisors, a notable feature among living spiny rats.
Natural-history knowledge comes from few museum specimens and other sparse records. The review summarizes it as having small litters and a low reproductive rate.
An extinction-risk assessment has not been added yet.